This dataset include data on state aid cases. There is one observation per case (1988-2020). The dataset includes information on the department responsible for the case, the member state that the case is against, and decisions taken by the Commission in the case.
cases
A data frame with 42 variables:
Numeric. An ID number that uniquely identifies each observation in the dataset.
String. A number that uniquely identifies each state aid
case. Assigned by the Commission. The Commission changed the format of case
numbers in 2010. Before this change, the case number indicated the type(s)
of the procedure associated with the case. After this change, all case
numbers have the format SA.#####.
String. Numbers that uniquely identifiy each procedure associated with a case. If there are multiple procedures, the procedure numbers are listed and separated by a comma. After the Commission changed the format of case numbers in 2010, only procedure numbers indicate the types of procedures associated with a case.
Numeric. An ID number that uniquely identifies each member state. This ID number is assigned when member states are sorted by accession date and then alphabetically.
String. The name of the member state that the Commission opened the case against.
String. A two letter code assigned by the Commission that uniquely identifies each member state.
Numeric. An ID number that uniquely identifies each
Directorate-General (DG) of the Commission. There are three DGs that can
open state aid cases. The DG for Competition (COMP) is coded 1, the
DG for Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI) is coded 2, and the
DG for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MARE) is coded 3.
String. The name of the Directorate-General (DG) of the Commission that opened the state aid case.
String. A multi-letter code assigned by the Commission that uniquely identifies each Directorate-General (DG) of the Commission.
Numeric. An ID number that uniquely identifies each
type of state aid cases. Coded 1 for cases that involve state aid
measures granted through Commission-approved schemes that is not
notifiable, coded 2 for cases that involve state aid measures
granted through Commission-approved schemes where the Commission has
required that the member state notify any aid granted through the scheme,
and coded 3 for cases that involve ad hoc state aid measures that
are not granted through a scheme.
String. The type of the state aid case. There are three
types of cases. Coded Scheme for cases that involve state aid
measures granted through Commission-approved schemes that is not
notifiable, coded Individual application for cases that involve
state aid measures granted through Commission-approved schemes where the
Commission has required that the member state notify any aid granted
through the scheme, and coded Ad hoc for cases that involve ad hoc
state aid measures that are not granted through a scheme.
String. A list of the types of procedures associated
with the case, separated by a comma. Procedure types are listed in the
order that the Commission opened the procedures. Possible values include:
Contradictory aid, for state aid that the Commission suspects
violates the rules of the internal market, as defined by Article 107 of the
Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU); Existing
aid, for existing state aid measures; Notified aid, for state aid
that the member state has notified to the Commission; Unnotified
aid, for state aid that the member state has not notified to the
Commission; General block exemption, for state aid that is exempt
from notification under the General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER); and
Special block exemption, for state aid that is exempt from
notification under a specific block exemption.
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether the
case relates to whether the Commission suspects that the state aid measure
is contradictory to the rules of the single market, as defined by Article
107 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Coded
1 if it does and 0 if it does not.
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether the case
relates to existing state aid measures. Coded 1 if it does and
0 if it does not.
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether the case
relates to state aid notified by the member state. Coded 1 if it
does and 0 if it does not.
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether the case
relates to state aid that is not notified by the member state. Coded
1 if it does and 0 if it does not.
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether
the case relates to state that is exempt from notification under the
General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER). Coded 1 if it does and
0 if it does not.
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether
the case relates to state aid that is exempt from notification under a
specific block exemption. Coded 1 if it does and 0 if it does
not.
Date. The date the member state notified the
Commission of the state aid measure in the format YYYY-MM-DD.
Numeric. The year the member state notified the Commission of the state aid measure.
Numeric. The month the member state notified the Commission of the state aid measure.
Numeric. The day the member state notified the Commission of the state aid measure.
Date. The date the Commission took its last decision in
the case in the format YYYY-MM-DD.
Numeric. The year the Commission took its last decision in the case.
Numeric. The month the Commission took its last decision in the case.
Numeric. The day the Commission took its last decision in the case.
String. A list of all of the decisions made by the Commission in the case, separated by a semicolon.
Numeric. The total number of decisions made by the Commission in the case.
String. The outcome of the case. Possible values include:
Exempt from notification, Does not constitute aid, No
objectionPositive Decision, Negative Decision,
Conditional decision. Coded Notification withdrawn if the
member state withdrew the notification, either before the formal
investigation procedure under Article 10(1) of Council Regulation (EU)
2015/1589, formerly Article 8(1) of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999, or
during the formal investigation procedure under Article 10(2) of Council
Regulation (EU) 2015/1589, formerly Article 8(2) of Council Regulation (EC)
No 659/1999.
String. If the Commission opened a preliminary
investigation, the outcome of that phase of the procedure. Possible values
include: Does not constitute aid, No objection, Formal
investigation, and Notification withdrawn. Coded Not
applicable if the Commission did not open a preliminary investigation,
which is when it determines that the state aid measure is exempt from
notification under Article 108(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the
European Union (TFEU).
String. If the Commission opened a formal
investigation, the outcome of that phase of the procedure. Possible values
include: Conditional decision, Does not constitute aid,
Negative decision, Notification withdrawn, and Positive
decision. Coded Not applicable if the Commission did not open a
formal investigation under Article 4(4) of Council Regulation (EU)
2015/1589, formerly Article 4(4) of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999.
Coded Missing record for a small number of observations where the
Commission does not report data.
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether the state aid measure is exempt from notification under Article 108(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether the Commission decided to open a preliminary investigation under Article 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether the Commission decided to open a formal investigation under Article 4(4) of Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589, formerly Article 4(4) of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999.
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether the Commission decided not to raise an objection to the state aid measure under Article 4(3) of Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589, formerly Article 4(3) of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999.
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether the Commission decided that the state aid measure did not constitute state aid, according to Article 107 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), under Article 4(2) of Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589, formerly Article 4(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999.
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether, after a formal investigation, the Commission decided under article 9(3) of Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589, formerly Article 7(3) of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999, to approve the state aid measure because it was compatible with the rules of the single market, as defined by Article 107 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether, after a formal investigation, the Commission decided under article 9(5) of Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589, formerly Article 7(5) of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999, to not approve the state aid measure because it was not compatible with the rules of the single market, as defined by Article 107 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether, after a formal investigation, the Commission decided under article 9(4) of Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589, formerly Article 7(4) of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999, to approve the state aid measure subject to conditions to make the measure compatible with the rules of the single market, as defined by Article 107 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether the member state that notified the state aid measure withdrew the measure, either before the formal investigation procedure under Article 10(1) of Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589, formerly Article 8(1) of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999, or during the formal investigation procedure under Article 10(2) of Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589, formerly Article 8(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999.
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether, after a formal investigation, the Commission decided to refer the state aid case to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) under Article 14 of Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589, formerly Article 12 of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999, for noncompliance with an injunction, under Article 108(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), for noncompliance with a Commission decision, or under Article 260(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), for noncompliance with a judgment of the Court.
Dummy. A dummy variable indicating whether, after a formal investigation, the Commission decided under 16(1) of Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589, formerly 14(1) of Council Regulation (EC) No 659/1999, that the member state that notified that state aid measure must take all necessary measures to recover aid from the beneficiary.